Logical frame analysis(LFA)

23-25 March 09
Topic taught
In LFA module the following topics were taught.
• Definition
• Requirement
• LFA writing
• Stages in LFA
1. Vertical logic
2. Horizontal logic
3. Bottom up logic
Module description
This module explains the use of LFA during the preparation of project proposal and also tells how LFA is useful in checking the progress of the project.LFA is an important tool to help while designing the project and allows to think logically about the purpose, outputs, activities and goal. It is usually in a single page and in the form of tabular column. LFA is the requirement of the donor /funding agencies not the project designer. LFA represents the whole project in the form of a production unit, by explaining the inputs (activities), outputs (expected results) and probable risks (assumptions).It also contains indicates at various levels of the projects which acts as quality assurance process.
Resource person: Mr. Prakash Bhatt
LFA is required to
• Analyse the existing situation
• Establish a logical hierarchy
• Identify the potential risks
• Monitor and review activities
There are three stages in LFA:
• Stage one-Vertical logic
• Stage two¬-Horizontal logic
• Stage three-Bottom up logic

Vertical logic
Goal: It is an ultimate result for which the project is contributing.
Purpose: The desired effect expected as the impact of the project.
Outputs: A list of particulars needed to achieve the purpose.
Activities: Lead to output. There may be many activities for one output.
Input: Done only when it is required; may include a summary of the project budget.
Horizontal logic provokes us to think about
• Measuring the impact of activities
• Indicators
• Information
• Obstacles in the project
• Impact of the obstacle on the project
Types of indicators
• Process indicators: Used during the project to see the growth.
• Impact indicators: Used after the completion of the project to see the impact.
• Direct indicators: Measures the result of the project directly.
• Indirect indicators: Measures some components of the result that indicates the success of the project.
Bottom-up logic tells about assumptions which are external factors, whose occurrence leads to the failure of the project, ex. natural calamities, political status of the project area, economic status of the project area, etc.
Key points
LFA is not a project proposal itself; it is a part of the project proposal. It is a tool for,
• Planning
• Managing
• Developing
LFA can be adopted and adapted while planning of the project.
In vertical logic, when each components are defined a clear picture of the project can be seen.
In horizontal logic, measurement of the activities in terms of quantity, quality and time will be specified. This also tells about the means of verification for checking all these measures.
In bottom up logic, assumptions are made on the project on which the success of the project is depending upon.

Leanings
• I wish to write LFA for my project.
• I wish to include some direct and indirect indicators which help me to understand the competitors.
• I came to know how important the assumptions are.
• I wish to work out on important assumption which will be of great help in the success of the project.